"The bricks immediately lining the vaults would be all burnt to useless scrolls, black as charcoal...the next tier would be a little less withered, but hardly fit for service; and gradually, as you went higher and higher along the successive layers of kiln, you came to the midmost ones, sound, square, and perfect bricks, bringing the highest prices; from these the contents of the kiln gradually deteriorated in the opposite direction, upward." (Chapter 23, pp.156)
             This particular quote plays on the class system in society. It breaks down the class rankings bit by bit, starting with the lowest level. The peasants were at the bottom of the barrel, and were considered to be dirty people who took up space. But the references to words such as "burnt" and "charcoal" suggests that Melville was not only talking about peasants, but also black people. It is obvious that the issue of race is also addressed in this particular quote. Blacks, who are "useless," are at the very bottom, and the description used to characterize them suggests that they aren't even worthy of being put in a class. Next would come the peasants, "hardly useful." The "midmost ones, sound, square, and perfect" characterized the Bourgeois class. Those that were entrepreneurs and hard workers who made up most of the 'important' part of society. As you climb higher, the rich are seen as just as dirty and useless as the poor. They have money, but do nothing productive with it or with themselves.
             Another interpretation could be that the bricks represent war. America had to fight in the beginning to gain independence from Britain, which would explain why the first set of bricks are burnt (from bombing). They also lay the foundation for all of the other bricks to climb high. The next set, "a little less withered" perhaps represents
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