he School of Mathematics and Navigation, and later that year founded the Artillery Academy. The Gluck Gymnasium specialising in politics and western languages followed in 1705, followed by the Engineering Academy 1712, Naval Academy 1715, School of Mines 1716, and Academy of Sciences 1724. Peter also established elementary or 'cipher' schools to teach literacy and numeracy, of which there were 40 by 1722. Garrison schools were established and a decree issued in 1714 that the gubernii should each set up two mathematical schools. Most of these institutions used basic textbooks introduced during Peter's reign. A public library was founded in 1719 and Peter laid plans for the foundation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
             In addition, Peter introduced a Table of Ranks in 1722 in order to bring Russian nobility into state service. Official rank had to be earned and service to the state was arduous. Nobles had to have a life long obligation to the state and adopt a career in military, civil, or legal service. This was possibly the most careful
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