to the end, Martí was engaged in a counterdiscourse against Spanish propaganda of the rise of 'another Haiti' while he advocated a revolution against the Cuban social order. Afro-Cubans took Martí's statement to heart that, "the greater the suffering the greater right to justice" (Pérez 1983:106). As the founder of the PRC (Cuban Revolutionary Party) in 1892, Martí became the voice of the civil arm of the revolutionary movement abroad, and Afro-Cuban nationals embraced his ideals as justification for the affirmation of their "Cubanness" and the legitimization of their call for equal rights (Ferrer 1995:266) .
             Consequently, Gómez and others described their struggle not as an affirmation of their Africanness, but as an effort to unite all Cubans. These Afro-Cuban journalists characterized the civil rights struggles of the 1890s as "Cuban" struggles and countered the accusation of the threat of a "race war" with the rebuff that it was in fact certain white sectors' perpetuation of racist attitudes that posed the real threat t
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