to go
             beyond mere words and research and reason, and to put direct pressure
             on those who were conducting policy in apparent disdain for the will
             expressed by the voters (Spector, 30-31). Within the US government,
             some saw these teach-ins as an important development that might slow
             down on further escalation in Vietnam. Although several hundred
             colleges experienced teach-ins, most campuses were untouched by this
             Nevertheless, the teach-ins did concern the administration and
             contributed to President Johnson's decision to present a major Vietnam
             address at Johns Hopkins University on April 7, 1965. The address
             tried to respond to the teach-ins campus protest activity. The Johns
             Hopkins speech was the first major example of the impact of antiwar.
             Johnson was trying to stabilize public opinion while the campuses were
             In 1965, the US started strategically bombing parts of
             Northern Vietnam, catalyzing the antiwar movement public opinion of
             what was going on in Indochina. These bombings spawned the antiwar
             movement and sustained it, especially as the North Vietnamese leader
             Ho Chi Minh refused to listen to American demands (VN History and
             Politics). The antiwar movement would have emerged alone by the
             bombings, and the growing cost of American lives coming home in body
             bags only intensified public opposition to the war (VN H. and P.).
             This movement against the Northern bombings, and domestic critics in
             general, played a role in the decision to announce a bombing pause
             Antiwar activists carried on through the pause with their own
             programs, and the scattered teach-ins had become more of a problem for
             President Johnson when their organizers joined in an unofficial group,
             the Inter-University Committee for a Public Hearing on Vietnam. This
             new committee began planning a nationwide teach-in to be conducted on
             television and radio, of which wo...