have given us research on adults. The biopsychosocial theoretical perspective, and the treatment process model (TPM). The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the influences on motivation, personal characteristics, and environmental factors in recovery. The TPM addresses the same elements as above with an emphasis on pretreatment motivation, psychological functioning, social functioning, social network, support, treatment engagement, and treatment process in determining retention in treatment and treatment outcome.
             Adolescents who sought substance abuse out-patient treatment in Baltimore County, MD, between July 2000 and December 2001 were recruited to participate (N=194) . Admission took place in five clinics if the participants meet the following criteria: 1) met the American Society for Addiction Medicine: Placement Criteria (ASAM, 1996); 2) were 14-18 years old; 3) determined by clinic staff to be suitable for a moderate-intensity group -based outpatient program; and 4) parent or guardian available to consent to study participation. (Battjes, et. Al.)
             The program being evaluated is Group-Based Treatment for Adolescent Substance Abuse (GBT). This is a 20 week program consisting of weekly group counseling, with limited individual and family therapy. (Battjes, et. Al.) GBT is driven by social
             ...