ive skills. Before an infant acquires speech, emotions are the first language parents and infants use to communicate with. At first, infant attachment is created by affectively toned interchanges. For example, when an infant cries and a caregiver responds to it with sensitivity. Crying can be divided into at least three distinct categories: the basic cry (indicative of hunger), the anger!
             cry, and the pain cry (Santrock 123). After a year, an infant responds to facial expressions clearly as a form of communication. Infants will often look to their caregiver and gauge their opinion of whether an action or situation is safe or acceptable. Smiling is another affective behavior which can occur at two to three months of age. A reflexive smile can occur within one month of age, but it is usually during irregular patterns of sleep and is not in response to external stimuli.
             In studying mothers with their babies, Mary Ainsworth found there to be three distinct types of attachments (Santrock 45). Type A babies, labeled as anxious-avoidant, exhibit insecurity by avoiding their mother. This is the result of inconsistent treatment by a caregiver. The caregiver's communication toward the infant is unpredictable as they are insensitive to the infants' signals. Rarely do these kinds of babies receive close bodily contact and rather than being affectionate, the caregiver will interact in an angry and irritable manner with the baby. Type B babies, also called secure attachment, use the caregiver as a foundation from which to explore the environment. These infants are responded to with consistent attentiveness in a loving manner. Children who are securely attached will develop a positive feeling of self worth and therefore are likely to be outgoing, affectionate, and capable of handling challenges and disappointments. Type C babies are called anxiou!
             s-avoidant, as they will cling to their caregiver while at the same t...