ns (Ferris,Liang,Farley,1999). For sports surfaces, the coefficient of friction or traction should be independent of temperature, weather and ageing. When friction or traction is too high or too low, injury is more prone to occur. Friction is about 10-40% greater on artificial turf than on grass (Ferris, Liang + Farley,1999).
             Compliance, the inverse of stiffness, relates to the deformation of the sports surface under load and may have an optimum value for the performer (Bloom,1997). Although it is widely believed that stiffer surfaces can enhance performance in sprinting, training on such surfaces can increase the risk of injury. Strictly the hardness of a material is the
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