cultures.
             Martin (1992, 3) gives the following definition:
             "As individuals come into contact with organisations, they come into contact with dress norms, stories people tell about what goes on, the organisation's formal rules and procedures, its informal codes of behaviour, rituals, tasks, pay systems, jargon and jokes only understood by insiders and so on. These elements are some of the manifestations of organisational culture. When cultural members interpret the meanings of these manifestations, their perceptions, memories, beliefs, experiences, and values will vary, so interpretations will differ - even of the same phenomenon. The patterns or configurations of these interpretations, and the ways they are enacted, constitute culture."
             Edgar H Schein, (Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2nd edition Jossey-Bass Publishers ,January 1997),states that "Individual and organisational performance cannot be understood unless one takes into account the organisational culture"
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