s natural reaction extremely dangerous to the animals, trainers, and audiences. According to Diane Brady's "Animal Farms," "In one case, six elephants, frightened by the noise of a falling ladder at 1988 show o!
             f the Garden Brothers Circus in Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens, nearly blundered into a group of fans in wheelchairs" (48). In addition, the Performing Animal Welfare Society presented the following, "There have been eight instances this year of trainers or elephants being killed or injured at circuses throughout the nation. During the last 10 years, there have been 23 such instances resulting in 40 injuries and the deaths of 14 people and 5 elephants..." (Grisanzio 7).
             Outside of the ring, the living conditions of the circus animals are terribly inadequate. In The Psychology and Behaviour of Animals in Zoos and Circuses, Dr. H. Hediger, director of the Zurich Zoological Ga
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