filthy or indecent material is nonmailable, and that whoever knowingly deposits such material for mailing or delivery is criminally punishable. A California statute makes criminally punishable every person who willfully and lewdly writes or otherwise produces obscene or indecent material, or who writes or otherwise produces any notice or advertisement of any such material. Roth, did such a crime to violate the federal statute. He knowingly deposited obscene items in the mail for delivery and advertisement. The major issue of this case is the definition of "obscene", and whether or not Roth's fundamental rights, namely the rights expressed under the First and Fourteenth amendments were violated. On the same wavelength, another individual Alberts, in Alberts v. California tested the same principles of the law. He was convicted, in a prosecution in the Municipal Court of Beverly Hills Judicial District, of viola
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