, 1995; Hewes, 1995; Hewes & Graham, 1989; Motley, 1992; Schul & Burnstein, 1998) have identified the following as prompting people to become more thoughtful: (1) novel situations (i.e., those that have no script) or ones in which engaging in scripted behavior becomes effortful (perhaps because of new and greater situational demands), (2) novel communication formats (e.g., computer-mediated communication or human-computer interaction), (3) uninvolving situations, (4) interruptions by external factors that interfere with completion !
             of a script, (5) conflict, compe tition, or confusion arising among two or more message goals and/or the means of achieving them, (6) anticipating negative consequences of a message yet to be transmitted, (7) nonroutine time delay or processing difficulty intervening between message formulation and actual transmission, (8) discrepant, asynchronous, or suspicion-arousing features of the modality, message, source, or situation (such as expecting invalid information, interacting with a reputedly untrustworthy source, or recognizing implausibilities in a message), and (9) experiencing a positive or negative consequence that is highly discrepant from previous consequences (e.g., experiencing a positive or negative violation of expectations or failing to achieve one's goals and plans).
             Waldron (1997) reported that some of these mindfulness prompts were manifested in the conversations he studied. After finishing videotaped conversations, participants completed a cued-recall procedure in which they rated the importance of their goals during each 30-s segment of conversation and wrote interpretations of what had t
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