iod of Chinese rule when the Chinese army under the Ming Dynasty invaded Vietnam in 1406 and remained in control for ten years. The cruel treatment the Vietnamese received from the Chinese during those ten years led to a burning hatred of the Chinese and a resurgence of Vietnamese national pride. A ten-year war, led by the courageous hero, Le Loi, pushed the Chinese from Vietnam once again. Le Loi, who was a pioneer in the use of guerrilla warfare, became the founder of the Le dynasty ( p.13).
             Referred to as Vietnam's "architect of national unity,"" Le Loi instituted agricultural reforms and redistribution of land. Once again, however, the peasants were the last to be considered. As land was doled out to influential upper-class Vietnamese and military officers, there was none left for the lower Vietnamese classes. Powerful overlords emerged, subjugating the peasants and squabbling among themselves. They split the country as no outside force had been able to do, ushering in 150 years of struggle between
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