any disadvantages. They also examined certain advantages that can arise from certain parenting styles i.e. lone mother vs. lone father families vs. lone parent plus step-parent.
             The first article, "Family Structure, Educational Achievement and the Inner City" was printed in August 1995 in the Urban Studies journals (Vol. 17). Author Ian Gordon is from the department of Geography at the University of Reading in the UK.
             The objectives of Gordan's research were to examine the success rates and socio-economic characteristics of inner city children to evaluate the contributions of social, economic and schooling factors in relation to the inner city. Using GCSE exams as data while focusing on socio-economic characteristics of the families at the time of the GCSE exam. GCSE stands for General Certificate of Secondary Education and is a mandatory assessment of students abilities in English, Mathematics, a science, a modern foreign language, Design & Technology, Information & Communication Technology, and Physical Education (these exams are taken in England and Wales at 16 years old). He examined the results of the GCSE taken by inner city children in London, England, and found t
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