merchant marine to grow. This act was the first attempt to enforce mercantilism by England. The act proclaimed that all trade between France and English colonies, Europe and English colonies, and the colonies with themselves must be conducted on an English ship (Kurland). The British were hoping that this would boost the economy and expand the merchant marine.
             The failure of this act was caused by inadequate machinery to enforce the law. The English colonies publicly defied the act and kept on trading with the Dutch. The restoration of Charles II brought about major changes in 1660. All of the acts of the Commonwealth Parliament, including the Navigation Act of 1651, were considered illegal under his rule (Kurland). Charles II did not intend on doing away with the act, but revising it. The Navigation Act of 1660 was a restatement of the 1651 act, but it also established a list of items including: tobacco, cotton, wool, and indigo, that couldn't be shipped outside of the British empire (Barck and Lefler). This Act made the E
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