ous writing on the topic of strategic alliances, strategic technology partnering and corporate co-operation. The subjects range from why strategic alliances occur (Johansson (1995) Murray and Mahon (1993) Hagedoorn (1993)) to determinants of successful/effective strategic alliances (Shamdasani and Sheth (1994) Bucklin and Sengupta (1993) McArthur and Schill (1995)). From organizational learning and strategic alliances (Osland and Yaprak (1994) Crossan and Inkpen (1995)), to the impact that strategic groups have on the partnering of a company (Duysters and Hagedoorn (1995) Hagedoorn (1995)). Literature discussing issues related to strategic alliances can be grouped into 'theoretical' articles and empirical studies.
             Johansson (1995) and Murray and Mahon (1993) discuss issues as to why strategic alliances occur. Johansson (1995) describes international strategic alliances and the reason why three types of international strategic alliances occur: distribution alliances, manufacturing alliances
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