of the same party as the President face similar threats when voting on Presidential legislation, but they also face numerous other pressures which they take into account when voting, most notably, their own personal convictions, lobbyist and financial backer's views, and pressure from constituents upon whom they rely for reelection. This is particularly true of Representatives who stand for election every two years and are thus 'fighting a permanent election battle'. For such reasons, members of Congress, especially Representatives, are usually more independent when it comes to voting. De!
             spite the success of presidents such as FDR in maintaining strong party loyalty in Congress, the example of Presidents such as Carter show that party loyalty is not often guaranteed or even expected in the US system. This explains the reliance on 'logrolling' by the US President when attempting to gain support for legislation, rather than the reliance on party loyalty, which dominates British politics. The example of Re
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