to be officially registered with the government, belong to specific associations, and submit their reports for daily inspection to eliminate any information regarded as harmful to the dictatorship (Sinova 1989a; Abellán 1980). Not even adver!
             tising was exempt from this scrutiny. The criteria applied in this censorship process were inconsistent, however, changing in light of international circumstances and the current political proclivities of the regime. This introduced an element of arbitrariness, capriciousness and even silliness in actual practice2.
             A second means by which the state sought to dominate the flow of information was by issuing "orders"-obligatory instructions to interpret news events in a particular way, or to avoid coverage of certain themes or events altogether. They were so detailed as to involve specific arguments to be included in editorials, the size of headlines, and even the position of photographs (Sinova 1989b, 266; Pizarroso 1989, 241-242). Press censorship and the issuance of orders remained in effect until well into the
             ...