State: an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that
has full sovereignty over it's internal and foreign afffairs. Examples are Monaco, Korea,
Nation: a self-defined population who shares a sense of common origin and a belief in a
common political destiny. Examples include the Americas, Poles, and Kurds.
Nation-state: state in which the population shares a common nationality, heritage, and
their culture is homogeneous. Examples include France, Japan, and Italy.
Nationalism: identification with a particular culture manifested in use of icons or symbols.
A strong emotional attachment to a nation. Examples include flags, anthems, and The
Multinational states: contains two or more ethnic or national groups with traditions of
self-determination that agree and coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct
nations. Examples include Canada, Switzerland, and Belgium.
Balkanization: used to describe a small geographic area that could not be successfully
organized into one or more stable states because it was or is inhabited by multiple ethnic
groups/nationalities with complex antagonisms toward each other. Examples include
Unitary state: it places the most power in the central government. It works best in a
nation state, with few internal cultural differences with a strong sense of nationalism. Also
present through domination. Examples include China, Iceland, and Cuba.
Federal state: this allocates strong power to units of local government within the country.
This is useful when a large state and national capital remote, or where multinational
population tends to reduce core vs. periphery tensions and separatist movements, although
it could also reinforce ethnocentrism. Examples include the United States, Switzerland,
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