A revolution can be defined as an extensive or drastic change in conditions. Although from contrasting times and perspectives, two authors who encounter the topic of revolution in their writings are Karl Marx and Thomas Kuhn. In The Structure of scientific Revolutions, Kuhn discusses a wide range of changes in the scientific understandings of nature, while in The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Marx focuses on the French Revolution of 1848. At first glance it may seem that scientific and political revolutions have little in common, but upon closer examination it is revealed that these two different types of revolutions share numerous characteristics. In fact, it can be concluded that Marx's theory of political revolution confirms Kuhn's theory of scientific revolution.
             In his writing, Marx explains his ideas on revolution to the background of the French Revolution of 1848. According to Marx, history plays the key role in revolutions. He demonstrates this belief when he states,
             And just when they seemed engaged in revolutionizing themselves and things, in creating something that has never existed, precisely in such periods of revolutionary crisis they anxiously conjure up the spirits of the past to their service and borrow from them names, battle cries, and costumes in order to present the new scene of world history in this time-honoured disguise and this borrowed language. (Marx 300)
             In this passage Marx is attempting to say that even though people think that they are creating something new during a revolution, they are merely rehashing or borrowing ideas from the past. Similarly, the past plays an integral part in Thomas Kuhn's writings on scientific revolutions. The first subject that Kuhn brings up in his work is the concept of normal science. He remarks "normal science means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements that some particular scientific community acknowled...