Dread is inspired in novels when relating to the real world. In Orwells' Nineteen Eighty-Four, he explores a tumultuous totalitarian super-state. In his writings on "The Unfuture of Utopia," Philip Rahv sees the main character as a dictator, who is modeled after Joseph Stalin.
             Big Brother is the dictator of Oceania, a totalitarian super-state, who is compared to Joseph Stalin, according to the views of Philip Rahv. In Oceania, war is ubiquitous, technical advancement in espionage are developing, and surveillance leads to the point of human extinction.
             The prospect of the future drawn in this novel can
             on no account be taken as a phantasy. If it inspires
             dread above all, that is precisely because its materials
             are taken from the real world as we know it (Rahv, 311).
             Orwell bases his novel on two items. First is the possible totalitarian future where people can no longer think for themselves, and the second is the former dictator of Russia, Joseph Stalin.
             The fictional character Big Brother is in many ways similar to Joseph Stalin. Both were ruthless leaders, who used scapegoats to escape persecution for their frequent mishaps. Big Brother used Emmanuel Goldstein, who was based on Joseph Stalins' scapegoat, Leon Trotsky. Both scapegoats were exiled as a result of disagreeing with the principles their leaders stood for.
             The past, present, and future are in the hands of Big Brother. Alteration of the past became possible through the process of "doublethink" (holding two contradicting beliefs at the same time, and believing both of them). Doublethink enables the Party to change records of the past, satisfying Party members with the present conditions of the country. The most important aspect of changing records is it works as a safeguard against the infallibility of the Party. Therefore, by removing outdated records from existence, the validity of t
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