e state. His observations and studies of human nature led
             him to conclude that the downfall of the Republic "stemmed from a basic lack
             of public morality or virtue"1 and viewed mankind as selfish beings out to
             advance their own interests. From the diplomatic missions, Machiavelli was
             able to be acquainted with and study the political tactics of the Italian rulers
             especially those of the ecclesiatic soldier Cesare Borgia. With this acquired
             knowledge and from his studies came the works of Machiavelli. His different
             political perspectives are portrayed in such works as Discourses Upon Livy
             and The Prince, which reflects his frustration and Florence's chaotic situation
             during that time. "In the Discourses Upon Livy, Machiavelli praises the Roman
             Republic as an example of an effective state united by the public spirit of its
             citizens."2 This work revealed his belief in political morality an
             ...