The United States Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional
guarantees contained in amendments to the constitution. Among these
Guaranteed rights are the freedoms of religion, speech, and press,
along with the right of protection against illegal search and seizure,
equal protection under the law, and the right to counsel. These rights
all contained in the first amendment to the constitution are arguably
the most important rights guaranteed to citizens of the United States.
However these rights are not absolute. Throughout the course of time
many controversies have occurred concerning the limitation of rights.
Many of these controversies have called upon the Supreme Court to
evaluate the constitutionality of laws or individual actions. Many
cases in the history of the supreme court have led to a significant
change in the interpretation of rights in the united states.
One important case involving the freedom of religion was Reynolds v.
United States in 1879. Reynolds, a Mormon living in Utah had two wives.
Polygamy was allowed in the teachings of the church, but prohibited
by a federal lab banning the practice in the United States. Reynolds
when convicted argued that the federal law violated his constitutional
right to the free exercise of his religious beliefs. The Supreme Court
did not agree with Reynolds claiming that congress was not without the
power to punish violations of social duties or subversive of good order.
The court said that to place religious belief superior to the law of
the land, would in affect permit every citizen to become a law unto
himself. Government would exist only in name under such circumstances.
The ruling in this case has upheld that ones religious beliefs do not
permit him/her to break the law to suit his religion, and that that
governmental law presides over all religious beliefs. This is an
example of the limitation...