what people 'should do' relates to behaviour and social role. The Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work (CCETSW) expands on this "a value determines what a person thinks he ought!
             to do, which may not be the same as what he wants to do, or what it is in his interest to do, or what in fact he actually does..." (CCETSW 1976 p14) Values are seen in actions, and CCETSW acknowledges that actions may not be congruent with the value held and, if values are described as a 'what ought', then this is based on personal or societal beliefs (Hugman & Smith 1995). This implies that unless an individual is aware of their own value base then they may be guided by prejudices which may cause them to act in oppressive or discriminatory ways (Thompson 1998).
             One concept, that of PCS analysis, examines how personal values are gained through an interaction between an individual's thoughts and actions, related to practice and prejudices (Thompson 1997). This personal (P) level interacts within a cultural (C) framework on the premise that these values are correct and are the 'norm' within the person's culture. Therefore it can be viewed that cultural influences discrimination and can be used by racists to explain cultural superiority (Thompson 1998). There is a structural level (S) that encompasses both these spheres of influence and Thompson (1997) identifies that power held by, for example, government will uphold institutional oppression by maintaining social divisions. The relationships can be illustrated thus:
             Personal values are therefore based on social standards of what is 'good' and 'right'. The implications for this can be examined within the scenario. Robert Jones has learning disabilities and has a history of mental health problems. The biological disability may affect how Robert is perceived in society. Personal prejudices, cultural values and so...