violent upheaval in Russia in 1917 that overthrew the czarist government.
             1818-83, German social philosopher, the chief theorist of modern socialism and communism.
             economic and political philosophy named for Karl Marx. It is also known as scientific (as opposed to utopian) socialism. Marxism has had a profound impact on contemporary culture; modern communism is based on it, and most modern socialist theories derive from it (see socialism). It has also had tremendous effect on academia, influencing disciplines from economics to philosophy and literary history.
             Pronounced As: lenin, Rus. vldymir ilych lyenin , 1870-1924, Russian revolutionary, the founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the Revolution of Oct., 1917.
             Pronounced As: stälin, Rus. visryÔnvich stälyin , 1879-1953, Soviet Communist leader and head of the USSR from the death of V. I. Lenin (1924) until his own death, b. Gori, Georgia. His real name was Dzhugashvili (also spelled Dzugashvili or Djugashvili); he adopted the name Stalin ("man of steel) about 1913.
             Pronounced As: trotsk, Rus. lan trÔtsk , 1879-1940, Russian Communist revolutionary, one of the principal leaders in the establishment of the USSR; his original name was Lev Davidovich
             6. The Bolsheviks and Workers Control is a remarkable pamphlet by Maurice Brinton exposing the struggle that took place over the running of workplaces in the immediate aftermath of the Russian Revolution Bronstein.
             8. Pravda (Russian: "Truth"), former daily newspaper, published in Moscow and distributed nationwide, that was the official organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1991. Founded in 1912 in St. Petersburg as a workers daily, Pravda became an important organ of the Bolshevik movement. Vladimir Lenin exercised broad editorial control over the paper. It was repeatedly suppressed by the tsar's police, reappearing each time with a different name, until it finally em...