... then as if they had just concluded a days work ... they strolled away."(Perry 48) The time following the 1863 saw many former slaves and their families move from their brutally racist Southern homes to a more inviting although still racist Northern attitude. Cities like Boston, New York, Detroit and Chicago saw great increases in Black population during the years following the proclamation. "Between 1900 and 1930 nearly three million African Americans left the South ... sending the Black population of the North soa!
             ring by four hundred percent. A 1910 census recorded that ninety percent of the nations Black population lived in the South ... three quarters of them lived in rural areas ... fifty years later the number reversed ... three quarters lived in Northern cities."(Banks 17)
             The early part of the 20th century saw a rise in Black lead organizations, religious and secular that were able to reach out the to average Black citizen and provide some much needed strength to his severely damaged psyche. Years of slavery and abuse at the hands of his white slave masters had even the Black man believing he was inferior. A young Malcolm X grew up believing that because "I was called nigger so much I figured it was my name." One teacher even went as far to dash young Malcolms ambitions to be a lawyer, for "a lawyer – that's no realistic goal for a nigger ... think about something you can be ... why not ... carpentry?"(Perry 42)
             The Universal Negro Improvement Association (U.N.I.A) was started in Jamaica in 1914. The founder of this movement was Marcus Garvey. Lack of interest in Jamaica forced Garvey to move his organization to Harlem, NY. Here he thrived, the U.N.I.A had found a home and family. By 1919 the U.N.I.A had claimed membership of over two million worldwide. Garveys driving desire was to see Blacks be self-educated. The self-education he believed would bring economic independ...