de. According to an abstract in the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Journal, "the abused adolescents showed significantly greater exposure to risk factors for adolescent suicide". (Kaplan, Pelcovitz, Salzinger, Mandel, & Weiner; 1997, 36(6); 799-808) Many young people believe death is there only escape from the pain. An abused child fears that their abuser will kill them. As the abuse continues and it seems like the pain will never go away, the fear of death is lost. In it's place comes the wish to end the pain. (S. Farmer; 1989; pg 50)
             Steven Farmer states that, whatever form of abuse experienced as a child, "it is the effects of emotional abuse that are at the core of the problems that still plague you as an adult". He believes that the past of an adult abused as child, becomes their present. (S. Farmer; 1989; pg6)
             Gina O'Connell Higgins believes that, many abused children grow up to develop substance abuse difficulties. She believes through her case studies that this is due to one of two/or both, reasons. First: many children who had abusive homes also had an alcoholic parent. Second: many individuals with the hope of "erasing the pain" use alcohol and other substances. (Gina O'Connell Higgins; 1994; pg 13-15) Farmer speaking of himself says, "I have recovered from a few different addictions, each of which I can now see was an attempt to cover up intense loneliness and isolation I felt". (S. Farmer; 1989; pg 8)
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