m. For example Penelope's dream about a flock of geese being killed by a hawk is foreshadowing the return of her husband. This dream, sent by the gods, later turns out to have accurately predicted the actions of Odysseus' bloody return home. Zeus uses a dream to manipulate Agamemnon in the Iliad, by the prompting of Thetis in order to avenge her son's dishonor. Dreams can also be used by gods to inspire people, as Athena does for both Odysseus and Telemachus in the Odyssey. A fourth way dreams can be used is to contact great people who have passed on to the underworld. This is seen when Achilles speaks with Patroclus after he is killed in the Trojan War. Also, dead relatives who inspire them along their journeys visit both Odysseus and Aeneas.
             A moderate view between the ancient and the modern interpretations of dreams is a method developed in the Middle Ages by Macrobius. His scheme is derived from the Oneirocritica of Artemidorus who wrote in the first century A.D. According to it there are five species of dreams: Somni
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