- based on advancements in chemistry and philosophy
             - introspection: process by which people closely examine their own thoughts
             - Method of introspection was too restrictive, therefore the good was observations of actual behavior, including animal behavior
             - Concerned with how behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to their environments
             - behavior influenced by feelings and wishes buried deep inside
             - people often unaware of them, therefore these thoughts often contradict those in which we are aware
             - process of bringing unconscious feelings to the surface
             - Freud used hypnotism and free association
             - Ex someone who fears water might be asked to free associate with the word 'water' ( first word that comes to mind-drown)
             - 1900's Watson argued against introspection as a way of studying behavior
             - observable behavior should be the only focus of the study
             - surroundings determine personalities
             - no such thing as free will, we are not responsible for or actions
             - ex. Criminal doesn't choose life of crime but rather depends on how person was sharp
             - B.F. Skinner most famous-he expanded on Watson's Theories
             - Albert Bandura-behavior is most influenced by observation and imitation
             - at the same time as behaviorism, this arose in Germany
             - behaviorists focus on learning and observed behavior
             - study how five senses help us extract information from the environment
             - overall shaping of things is determined by how people perceive/interpret series of separate sensations
             - whole is more important than individual parts
             - behaviorists oversimplified process of learning
             - focus on how people perceive, store and interpret information
             - interested in the way we use our knowledge to fill in the gaps
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