lings and urges,particularly the reactions of the genital organs, were not fully under the control of human will"
             (Brundage 81). St. Augustine and St. Jerome both ancient biblical interpreters and patristic
             writers developed theories and standards on sexual behaviour; as well each shared misogynist
             views that women were physically and morally inferior to men. Augustine wrote, "I fail to see
             what use woman can be to a man, if one excludes the function of bearing children"(Brundage 85).
             Augustine and Jerome's influences were acknowledged for centuries after their death. By the
             twelfth century there was an abundance of ancient literature available on morel ethics. While the
             extensive variety of ancient works needed categorization and explication, twelfth-century masters
             of theology and canon law resolved to research and derive the 'correct commentary' on sex and
             it's relevance on the human condition. By the mid-twelfth century three texts were published: The
             Ordinary Gloss consisted of theological transcripts from patristic forefathers including works
             from Jerome and Augustine; Gratian's Decretum an ecclesiastical law text that offered moral
             suggestions and advice to problematic issues; and Peter Lombard's Book of Sentences became the
             standard theological textbook used in medieval universities well into the sixteenth century. These
             three texts became exemplar works to follow in relation to sexual morality and codes of sexual
             conduct, and given such authority were notably applied by the Church (Payer, 6). The majority of
             theologians and scholars who had such superior moralistic convictions and virtuous revelations on
             the nature and functions of sex ironically were often misogynist celibate men who rarely had any
             The mid-thirteenth century saw a renaissance of great theological work headed by three
             predominate Christian theorists, Albert the Great, Bonave...