event FAS through education and intervention. Abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy prevents fetal alcohol syndrome. Counseling is indicated to help prevent recurrence in women who have previously delivered a child with FAS. Sexually active women who drink heavily or are alcoholics should use highly effective contraceptive measures and control drinking behaviors or discontinue the use of alcohol prior to attempting to conceive.
             While precise data is lacking, it appears that a fairly substantial number of women use alcohol and other drugs during their pregnancies. Many of these women face additional biologic risks to the health of their babies because of inadequate prenatal care and other risk factors associated with poverty and chronic abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The risks to infant development do not end with the neonatal
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