archist philosophy; however, the movement was never able to offer a united front to achieve specified goals.
             However, the deeds of the anarchists are almost legendary. At the turn of the century the anarchists made it their official policy to decimate the ruling classes, believing that by utilizing terrorism and assassination, they would hasten the fall of the bourgeois state. While they failed to topple governments, they managed to kill the heads of state in six countries: Premier Canovas (Spain, 1897); Premier Canalejas (Spain, 1912); Empress Elizabeth (Austria, 1898); President McKinley (United States, 1901); President Carnot (France, 1894); and King Humbert (Italy, 1900). Besides these more well-known assassinations, numerous lesser-known officials were killed and other acts of terrorism were performed in the name of anarchism.
             Anarchism, like so many other revolutionary philosophies, captured the hearts and mind of its adherents. The men who developed the main theories about anarchism were Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Peter Kropotkin, and Michael Bakunin, its intellectual fathers. Yet it is difficult to draw a tightly worded picture of anarchism. Unlike revolutionary Communism and its rigid cell structure, anarchism was a loosely constructed movement. Even when they held their first International, a chance to offer show-place solutions to the entire world, the anarchists were disorganized. The final statement they made about Communism showed that the two movements were closely related (this is extremely ironic, for the only reason they held their own International was that Marx and the other Communists practically threw them out of the first International in 1992):
             We are Communists; we recognize that unless
             patrimonial, communal, provincial, and national
             limits are abolished, the work must be begun anew.
             It is ours to conquer and defend common property
             and to overthrow governments by whatever name th...