nd they communicate differently with nonmembers than they do with members. Members have expectations for certain ways of behaving in various situations in which the clique finds itself, and will approve or disapprove of another member based on these expectations. There are leadership roles and policies in cliques and a status system. There is a hierarchy of worth of the individual to the group; members know how much they are valued and for what. No two cliques are a like on these dimensions. Membership is the perception by the individual of the quality of his or her relationship to the group.
Cliques are relatively small, tightly knit groups of friends who spend considerable, and often exclusive time with each other. Cliques have a minimum size of three members and are required to have most of their interaction with the members of the same clique and at least two links with others. The clique is the most prevalent and important friendship structure for adolescents. Studies also have indicated that members being similar of one another in age, gender, race and social status, as well as in types of interests and activities of the members characterize cliques. In a social networks, those who are not members of a clique members are isolates, however, isolates are key to the social network because before there were cliques and liaisons there were isolates. In effect they keep the network live alive and running. Adolescents show a significant prevalence of li
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