Argumentum Heroism can't exist in a fated world

face Aeneas, set to suffer death in all
             Anchises tells Aeneas his future fate (6:1000-1137).
             Celaeno prophecies to Aeneas about seeking Italy, but warns him of awful hunger (2:328-35).
             Sibyl prophecies to Aeneas (6:115-135).
             Human responsibility makes heroism possible!
             Role of Merit: Does Merit exist in a fated universe?
             Aeneas declares that if he had died: "my hand had earned it" (2:582-583)
             If all events are fated, how can people be punished for misdeeds?
             Sibyl tells Aeneas "Therefore they are schooled by punishment/ and pay with torments for their old misdeeds" (6:975-976).
             When Turnus dies, he doesn't blame fate, but himself:
             "Then humble, suppliant, he lifts his eyes/ and stretching out his hand, entreating, cries:/ I have indeed deserved this; I do not appeal against it . . . For you have won . . . " (12:1240-1251)
             Role of Prayer: Why pray in a fated universe?
             Aeneas prays to Jupiter for help: "if by our goodness/ we merit it, then, Father, grant to us/ your hel
             ...

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