Three writers, in their own times, had written stories and touched on the negatives of frontierism. Cooper, Irving, and Twain, have all touched on the repercussions of the expansion westward, ranging from racism to the destruction of entire peoples and the environment.
             In The Deerslayer, Cooper expresses the racism toward the Indian people through a white settler who killed an Indian, "...'Twould ill become me to take a wife, under red-skin forms, from among heathen...none but a woman of my own color and gifts shall darken the door of my wigwam." Cooper also utilizes an Indian chief to tell how the Indian people feared being destroyed by the expansion of whites, "The redmen are few already; they have need of help. One of our best lodges has lately been emptied by the death of its master; it will be a long time before his son can grow big enough to sit in his place." In Cooper's writing, he shows how frontierism had brought the onslaught of racism and the destruction of the Indian peoples.
             Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" shows how a closely-knit town of hundreds can rapidly grow into a city of thousands in a short time span leaving problems in its wake. Accustomed to having the peaceful tranquil feelings at the inn, Van Winkle was shell-shocked to find that it had changed into a busting disputatious place: "The very character of the people seemed changed. There was a busy bustling, disputatious tone about it instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquility." With the growth of the city, living conditions seemed to have regressed instead of progressed, "A large rickety wooden building stood in its place, with great gaping windows, some of them broken and mended with old hats and petticoats..." Irving uses this to show how new settlers seemed to have a sense of carelessness and apathy toward the way their surroundings are.
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