on emotions began in 1838. It consisted of studying how the emotions are expressed in both animals and adult and infant humans. Darwin suggested that emotions are part of human evolutionary heritage. A Russian master of psychology, S. L. Rubinshtein, suggested that Darwin's biological theory of emotions is correct because it connects emotions to its organic stimulation of instincts.
             William James was also basing his bodily approach to emotions on basic instincts of human beings. Emotions do not only provoke movements, they also cause changes of facial expression, affects respiration, bloods circulation and other body functions. It is illustrated in Darwin's table on emotional expressions and emotions to which they relate.
             Expression Motor apparatus Emotion example
             BlushingBody contractClenching fistsCryingFrowningLaughing PerspirationHair standing on endScreamingShruggingSneeringTrembling Blood vesselsSomatic musclesSomatic musclesTear ductsFacial musclesBreathing apparatusSweat glandsDermal apparatusVocal apparatusSomatic musclesFacial musclesSomatic m
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