part of adolescent development.
             In his article "Love and Death in The Catcher in the Rye," Peter Shaw agrees with Dr. Hastings' argument that Holden's behavior is typical of adolescents. He believes that that the "teenage years stand out as life's most complicated and tortured period...that teenage behavior, with its swings into and out of rationality, actually resembles schizophrenia. Certainly, this is the one period of life in which abnormal behavior is common rather than exceptional" (99). Shaw believes that the defense of Holden as "crazy" because of "phony adultism" is "a way of stigmatizing American society for its stuffiness and insensitivity to exceptional spirits" (98), basically implying that readers defend Holden as a "crazy" victim of a society of "phonies."
             Carl F. Straugh, in his article "Kings in the Back Row: Meaning through Structure, a Reading of Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye," argues that Holden's insertion of expressions such as "madman" and "crazy" into his regular speech help to create the pattern of instability tha
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