employed by theater commanders, aiming at a specific group within the theater of operations. The long term goal of strategic psychological operations may vary widely however, from gaining support for American operations to preparing a battlefield for combat. This is accomplished through several means: propaganda, deliberate lies, or stretching the truth to prejudice minds and international opinion against the opponent (Pease 6).
             Tactical psychological operations are based on an even smaller scale. Tactical psychological operations are much more limited in audience, serve to accomplish substantially shorter-term goals, and are multitudinous, especially in time of conflict. In this environment, psychological warfare aims to lower the morale and efficiency of enemy forces (Hunter). Psychological warfare is a bloodless, inexpensive, sometimes unethical and ineffective means of "wounding" the enemy (Pease xiii). It is accomplished through the use of leaflets and loudspeakers (Pease 8).
             Consolidation psychological operations are designed for use on civilians, often in a newly liberated territory. It has proven extremely valuable, aiding in convincing the population of the liberated territories that they are better off under the new government. It also ensures that the population is not a guerrilla force that will resist against American activities. Consolidation psychological operations utilize leaflets and newspapers that offer assurance, aid, and information to achieve their goal (Pease 9).
             Methods and Techniques Utilized in Psychological Warfare
             Propaganda is the material and ideas that psychological warfare and operations are designed to spread. Defined as, "the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person," numerous tactics, techniques, and methods of spreading propaganda in psychological operations are employed (Woolf, et al 91...