he ideal Buddhist community, which consists of those who have reached the higher stages of spiritual development. The word also refers to the order of Buddhist monks and nuns. In addition, the term means the community of monks, nuns, and laity.
             The order of monks has always had a special role within the sangha. It has played an important part in preserving and spreading Buddhism. In many Buddhist groups, the discipline of monastic life is considered essential to those who seriously seek nirvana. In most Buddhist countries, monks are expected to live a life of poverty, meditation, and study. Monks are also expected to avoid sexual activity. They devote themselves to work, study, and prayer. Monks play an important part in preserving and spreading Buddhism.
             Monks participate in the community development. They organize the building of bridges, roads and other infrastructure. They may literally build schools themselves, or recruit volunteers, or hire construction firms to do the work for them; but money for construction and operation costs comes from donations. Buddhist monasteries, particularly in rural areas, give practical lessons, which augment the skills or practical knowledge useful for laymen and monks. These skills may include herbal medicine, carpentry, construction techniques, painting and other crafts. Many Buddhist teachings give practical advice on how to maintain an economically viable and satisfactory household. The Buddha taught the layman who intends to become successful, economically or otherwise, to follow the Eightfold Path. Buddhism does not place great emphasis on economic achievement, but Buddhist teachings can be made applicable to economic development.
             Monks, in addition to their religious duties, provide needed education for local children. Monks also, conduct ceremonies include healing rites of various sorts, weddings, funerals, and birthday observances. Monks have roles in, and even orchestrate, the various...