are an ancient people who about 4,000 thousand years ago
started to trickle into Kurdistan in limited numbers to
settle there.3 By the classical era in 300 b.c. the Kurds
were already experiencing massive population movements that
resulted in settlement and domination of many surrounding
regions.5 Although they did at times rule over the land
outside the mountains, for the most part, the Kurds home
ended where the mountains ended. The Kurds as a distinct
people have only survived in the mountains.6 The
relationship between the Kurds and the mountains is so
strong that they have become synomonis.7 These mountains
are also the axis for five major countries, which include
Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and the former Soviet Union.
Since the end of World War I, Kurdistan has been divided
into these five sovereign states, in which a significant
population of Kurds inhabit (see below).
Notice that the total number of Kurds in all countries is
larger than that of Iraq but smaller than Iran. Barring a
catastrophe, Kurds will become the third most populous
ethnic group in the Middle East by the year 2000,
furthermore, if present demographics trends hold, the Kurds
will replace the Turks as the majority ethnic group in
Turkey itself.9 The Kurds remain the only ethnic group in
the world with indigenous representatives in three world
geographic blocs: the Arab World (in Iraq and Syria), NATO
(in Turkey), the South Asian - Central Asian bloc (in Iran
an Turkmenistan), and until recently the Soviet bloc (in the
Caucasus, now Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia).10
The most important features of Kurdistan society since
the end of medieval times has been it's strong tribal
organization, with independence or autonomy being the
political status of the land. Kurdish soc
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