ly formed and maintained with aggression. Highest ranking individuals are large adult males, while the most aggressive tend to be females with small young. The only social bonds formed are between a female and her offspring (Grizzly Bear, USFW). During the mating season males will fight over females and guard their mates for 1-3 weeks. Adult females have an average 3-4 year interval between litters. Each littler averages 1-2 cubs (Research Progress Report).
             The historical range of the Grizzly once spread throughout northern and central Europe, Asia, Morocco, Algeria, and western North America down to Mexico. They are now found in very small numbers in Western Europe, Palestine, and the Himalayans. Northern North American populations of Alaska and western Canada remain stable. Many populations in the United States have been significantly reduced, including those of Sierra Nevada and Southern Rockies (Ursos arctos). The bears prefer a terrain of tundra, alpine
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