that even if "the influence of factious
             leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, [they will be]
             unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States."
             What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition
             and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party?
             Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkes' famous aphorism: "When bad men
             combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an
             unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle?" Did the answer lie in
             their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the increases of
             power both to the executive branch as well as the legislative branch of
             government? Hamilton pushed for The Bank of the United States, a large
             standing Army raised by the President (Congress was to raise and support
             armies,) a Department of Navy, funding and excise taxes, and, in foreign
             policy, a neutrality that was sympathetic to British interest to the
             detriment of France. Many legislators, especially those in the south, were
             alarmed to the point that a separation of the Union was suggested as the
             only way to deal with Hamilton's successes. Many were afraid that the army
             would be used against them as it had during the Whiskey Rebellion.
             Southerners saw the taxes to support a new treasury loan favoring "pro-
             British merchants in the commercial cities," and unfairly paid by
             landowners in the South. These issues as well as neutrality issues between
             France, England, and the United States were the catalyst for the forming of
             the Republican Party. The French and English conflict caused many problems
             with America's political system. The English "Order of Council" and the
             French "Milan Decree" wreaked havoc with America's shipping and led to
             Jay's Treaty of 1794. Jay's Treaty was advantageous to America and helped
             to head off a war with Britain, but it also alienated the Fren...