aracteristics of developing countries. Recently many developing countries have been breaking away from some of these features.
1. HISTORY OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL OVER THE ECONOMY. High degree of regulation, control over imports/exports/capital flows. State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) originally began during Great Depression, continued as a part of import-substitution policies.
2. HISTORY OF HIGH INFLATION. Difficulty in monitoring and taxing economic activity leads to inflation tax or seignorage.
3. WEAK FINANCIAL SECTOR. Few banks, low usage of banks. Hard to get financing for investment projects. Banks with questionable balance sheets, lack of adequate regulation of financial sector.
4. FIXED OR MANAGED EXCHANGE RATES, EXCHANGE CONTROLS. Developing countries commonly like the stability provided by fixed exchange rates. Barring that, they heavily manage their exchange rates. Often have used exchange controls.
5. IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES OR AGRICULTURE IN EXPORTS. Common to have high percentage of workforce employed fully or partially in the agriculture sector, where there is oft
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