ological adaptations that make them at least partially resistant to insect predation. Examples of Morphological Traits that Confer Crop Resistance
Certain colors are less attractive to certain insects. For example, imported cabbage worm is less attracted to red colored Brassica species (cabbages, broccoli, and related species). Cucumber beetles do less damage on reddish colored varieties of leaf lettuce and are attracted to certain hues of yellow. Some birds prefer red plums to green plums.
While it is impossible to generalize what shapes resist predation better, shape does play a role in avoiding predation. For example, one study noted that turnip maggots less damaged thick rooted turnips. Another study showed that onions with leaves having a narrow-angle of contact are more attractive to thrips than onion varieties with looser leaves. 3
Thickening of Cell Walls and/or Rapid Growth
In response to predation, some plants create toughe
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