nd die!") cast upon Richard in sequence. When Richard wakes, he is shaken by a bout of self-doubt and soul-searching that is unparalleled in the play, and that many readers think is one of Shakespeare's greatest moments of insight into human psychology. Richard-the two-dimensional villain, the bloody "hell-hound"-is forced to look into his soul, and is terrified by what he finds there (IV.iv.48). His uncertainty as to what he finds within himself, more than even the ghosts' curses, shakes him to the core.
             3) Compare the speeches of Richmond and Richard to their troops before the battle. What do their choices of words and arguments suggest about the personalities of the two men?
             There are obvious differences in the way the two armies prepare for battle. In Richard's camp, Richard gives his battle speech to his army, focusing on the raggedness of the rebel forces and their opposition
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