orld will be a good and pleasant place to live.
             Autonomy versus shame and doubt is Erikson's second stage of development (Erikson, 1963, cited in Weiten, 1995), occurring in late infancy and toddlerhood (1-3 years). After gaining trust in their caregivers, infants begin to discover that their behaviour is their own. They start to assert their sense of independence, or autonomy. They realize their will. If infants are restrained too much or punished too harshly, they are likely to develop a sense of shame and doubt.
             Initiative versus guilt is Erikson's third stage of development (Erikson, 1963, cited in Weiten, 1995), occurring during the preschool years. As preschool children encounter a widening social world, they are challenged more than when they were infants. Active, purposeful behaviour is needed to cope with these challenges. Children are asked to assume responsibility for their bodies, their behaviour, their toys, and their pets. Developing a sense of responsibility increases initiative. Uncomfortable guilt feelings may arise, though, if the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious. Erikson has a positive outlook on this stage. He believes that most guilt is quickly compensated for by a sense of accomplishment.
             Erikson's fourth stage, Industry versus Inferiority, occurs between six years and puberty (Erikson, 1963, cited in Weiten, 1995). This is the period in which the child wants to enter the larger world of knowledge and work. One of the great
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