thick layers of snow by the caribou's keen sense of smell. It is this ability to utilize the abundant lichen as a food source that has allowed them to survive the harsh, cold northern climate, and distinguished them from other mammals.
             There are three different races of caribou that can be found in Canada: the woodland, the barren-ground, and the Peary. It is the barren-ground caribou that will be focused upon here since they are the species that primarily inhabits the northern regions of Canada. The barren-ground caribou are somewhat smaller and lighter in color than the woodland caribou and spend most of their life cycle on the tundra. There are roughly 1.2 million barren-ground caribou in Canada, and the majority of those live in five large herds which migrate seasonally from the tundra to the sparsely treed northern coniferous forests. These five herds, in order from Alaska to Hudson Bay, are the Porcupine Herd, Bluenose Herd, Bathurst Herd, Beverly Herd, and Kaminuriak Herd. Arctic wolves are the natural predator of the caribou,
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