The main goal of the science of psychology is to discover and
generate knowledge about people and their behavior. Studying the
cultural aspect of the science adds yet another piece to the puzzle of
psychology. By definition, cultural psychology includes cultural similarities
and differences in behavior with its main theories. The research pertaining
to the study of crossing cultures in a psychological aspect is done by
examining the behaviors, beliefs and reactions of people from different
cultural backgrounds. To simplify the study of cultural psychology, cultures
have been initially divided into two types. The types included are
collectivistic cultures and individualistic cultures and the two are
seemingly at opposite ends of the spectrum of psychology. However,
there are also etics, that is aspects that are universal across cultures,
present in the comparison of the two types of cultures. Aspects that
differ from one culture to another are known as emics, and a major goal
of scientists engaged in the study of cultures is to determine which aspects
of human behavior should be classified as etics and which as emics.
Here, I'd like to explore an overview of some of both.
People who belong to individualistic cultures, such as the Unites
States, see themselves as individuals, separate from the societal group.
Highly individualistic cultures encourage people to take care of
themselves and make life decisions based on their individual needs.
Individualists tend to give priority to one's own goals and define their
identities in terms of personal attributes. Because of this, they generally
possess what is known as an independent construal of self, which simply
defines what I have already stated; the individuals focus on internal and
personal attributions. This explains the fact that individualists are more
likely to prejudge people based on the obvious personal a...