curs with a host of medical and psychological conditions. Up to two-thirds of people with a lifetime history of major depression have been found to have had a history of other disorders as well (den Boer, 81). Depression is comorbid in sixty percent of general psychiatric patients and over forty percent of people with anxiety disorders (Beutler, 227) Anxiety is comorbid condition with depression that is so prevalent that often times there is trouble separating the depression and the anxiety disorder. There are widely used depression scales in which anxiety symptoms weigh heavily in the final assessment (Montgomery, den Boer, 100).
             The psychodynamic model proposes that the primary cause of depression is a "sense of loss". According to Freud (1917) some extreme of gratification at the oral stage leads a person to be too dependent on others for self esteem and when the object of dependency is lost anger results and is turned inward due to lack of a adequate target (Stevic-Rust, Maximin, 7). Psychoanalysis in the traditional sense of rehashing traumatic childhood experiences has not proven to be as helpful as other more future-oriented techniques according to research data (Yapko, 56). Although this exploration is helpful in finding problems and seeing how they evolved, excessive ruminating on the past fails to change it and recycles negative thoughts. Finding the source of a problem doesn't necessarily fix it and the risks of reopening wounds is dangerous with today's "fast-fix" insurance perogatives.
             The biological model of depression assumes that depression is perpetuated or even initiated by chemical imbalances that develop in the brain. Early studies showed a lack of noradrenaline and serotonin led to depression. This led to the theory that "reduced availability of monoamine neurotransmitters could play a role in the pathogenesis of depression" (Montgomery...