diseases. They expect discoveries to be made and translated quickly to clinical applications. In summary, NIH constituents want speed, reasonable cost, and effectiveness or applicability. What then are the characteristics that the NIH human resource programs must have to meet this environment? Simply stated, the administrative systems and programs that support the NIH research must foster, support and mirror the Agency's organizational characteristics. Each piece of the human resource program must in itself be creative, lean and non-hierarchical to foster an NIH whose employees are creative, risk taking and accountable for their actions.
             High performing human resource programs respond to the needs and characteristics of their organizations. In a 1993 report prepared for the DHHS, a panel of the National Academy of Public Administration reached several conclusions that are directly applicable to organizational characteristics of the NIH. The NAPA report looked broadly at cu
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