Since the conception of Buddhism in 5th c. B.C.E, the teachings
and ideas presented by its founder, Siddhartha Gautama, have grown
in area as well as interpretation. Buddhism has spread far beyond
its country of origin, India, and although basic beliefs and doctrines
are common to Buddhism as a whole, the original philosophy of the
Buddha has expanded to include some varying, and at times opposing,
thoughts on the Buddha's teachings. Today, three main sects of
Buddhism survive: the Theravada tradition (Lesser Vehicle), the
Mahayana tradition (Greater Vehicle), and the Tibetan tradition
(Northern). The main focus of this paper regards the Mahayana's
emphasis on compassion and wisdom in reference to the Bodhisattva
path, and responds to criticism that compassion for all sentient
beings is an attachment that proves a bodhisattva unenlightened.
While all forms of Buddhism strive in one way or another to
end the painful cycle of life and rebirth (samsara) and reach nirvana,
the motivation and path chosen by the Mahayana distinguishes this
school of thought from the rest. For the Mahayana, compassion is the
driving force of the practitioner. While other Buddhists follow the
path of the disciple (sravaka) to Arhatship or choose to find the path
on their own (pratyeka), the Mahayana regards the path of the
Bodhisattva, one who chooses to remain in samsara until all sentient
beings have attained his wisdom, as the highest form of Buddha hood. Any other path is
seen as selfish, striving only for a personal nirvana.
This emphasis on compassion invites criticism that a Bodhisattva is not truly free
of attachment. According to Buddhist doctrine, the second Noble Truth states a need to
relinquish all attachment in order to continue on the path toward nirvana. If we
take this as truth, how can a Bodhisattva, an enlightened being, have such an attachment
The first ste...